A
Noun + for ...
a demand / a need FOR ...
- The company closed down because there wasn't enough demand for its product.
- There's no excuse for behaviour like that. There's no need for it.
a reason FOR ...
- The train was late, but nobody knew the reason for the delay. (not
reason of)
B
Noun + of...
an advantage / a disadvantage OF ...
- The advantage of living alone is that you can do what you like.
but
there is an advantage in (or to) doing something
- There are many advantages in living alone. or ... many advantages to living alone.
a cause OF ...
- The cause of the explosion is unknown.
a picture / a photo / a photograph / a map / a plan / a drawing (etc.) OF ...
- Rachel showed me some pictures of her family.
- I had a map of the town, so I was able to find my way around.
C
Noun + in ...
an increase / a decrease / a rise / a fall IN (prices etc.)
- There has been an increase in the number of road accidents recently.
- Last year was a bad one for the company. There was a big fall in sales.
D
Noun + to...
damage TO ...
- The accident was my fault, so I had to pay for the damage to the other car.
an invitation TO ... (a party / a wedding etc.)
- Did you get an invitation to the party?
a solution TO (a problem) / a key TO (a door) / an answer TO (a question) / a reply TO (a letter) / a reaction TO ...
- I hope we find a solution to the problem. (not
a solution of the problem) - I was surprised at her reaction to my suggestion.
an attitude TO ... or an attitude TOWARDS ...
- His attitude to his job is very negative. or His attitude towards his job ...
E
Noun + with ... / between ...
a relationship / a connection / contact WITH ...
- Do you have a good relationship with your parents?
- The police want to question a man in connection with the robbery.
but
a relationship / a connection / contact / a difference BETWEEN two things or people
- The police believe that there is no connection between the two crimes.
- There are some differences between British and American English.
※ cause :
cause : 원인 (이유) / 야기하다
cause (of something)
- Unemployment is a major cause of poverty. (cause -> poverty)
- The report ignores the root cause of the problem.
- Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
- Drinking and driving is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents.
- It was impossible to determine the cause of death.
- There was discussion about the fire and its likely cause.
- He died of natural causes.
- It is not easy to separate cause and effect in this situation.
cause for something
- There is no cause for concern. (cause -> concern)
- The food was excellent—I had no cause for complaint.
with/without cause
- If your child is absent without good cause (= a good reason), you may receive a warning from the school board.
※ excuse :
excuse : 변명하다, 용서하다 / 변명(핑계)
용서하다의 의미는 주로 'excuse me' 의 형태로 자신의 무례함이나 실수 등에 대해 용서를 구하는 경우가 대부분이고, 그 외에는 주로 변명하다의 뜻으로 쓰임
- Excuse me? [=pardon me?; I beg your pardon?] I didn't hear the last part of what you were saying. (이 경우는 상대방 말을 제대로 못 들었을 때 하는 표현)
- Late again! What's your excuse this time?
- I tried desperately to think of a good excuse. (desperate : 절박한)
- a lame/poor excuse
- a reasonable/valid excuse
- I know I missed the deadline, but I have an excuse.
- excuse for something There's no excuse for such behaviour.
- excuse for doing something His excuse for forgetting her birthday was that he had lost his diary.
- You don't have to make excuses for her (= try to think of reasons for her behaviour).
- It's late. I'm afraid I'll have to make my excuses (= say I'm sorry, give my reasons and leave).
- Eating ice cream for a sore throat isn't really a cure, but I like it, so any excuse!
- excuse for something It's just an excuse for a party.
- excuse for doing something Any occasion is a good excuse for having a barbecue.
- excuse to do something It gave me an excuse to take the car.
- He tried unsuccessfully to find an excuse to leave.
- The demonstration was used as an excuse to impose martial law. (martial : 전쟁의 / mars : 전쟁의 신)
※ determine :
determine : 알아내다, 결정하다 (tip. 위 퍼즐이 완성되는 그림을 기억하라.)
1. to discover the facts about something; to calculate something exactly (= establish, ascertain)
- determine something // An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident.
- Try to determine the extent of the problem.
- determine what, whether, etc… // We set out to determine exactly what happened that night.
- It is difficult to determine when drama first appeared in India.
- it is determined that… // It was determined that she had died of natural causes.
2. to make something happen in a particular way or be of a particular type
- determine something // Rural voters in key states will determine the outcome of the election. (rural : 시골의)
- Upbringing plays an important part in determining a person's character.
- Age and experience will be determining factors in our choice of candidate.
- determine where, whether, etc… // The physical capabilities of a plant determine where it can and cannot live.
(참고) determine 이 decide 와 같은 의미로 쓰일 때도 있지만 이 경우 주로 decide를 쓰고, determine 은 주로 어떤 요인이 다른 한 쪽의 결과에 영향을 미친다는 뜻으로 많이 쓰인다.
(예시)
decide : 나는 친구집까지 버스를 타고 가기로 결정하였다.
determine : 부모의 양육 방식이 아이의 캐릭터를 결정한다.
※ occasion :
occasion : a particular time / a special event, ceremony or celebration
(occasion 과 case 를 항상 연관지어 기억하라.)
- on an occasion on this/that occasion
- I've met him on several occasions.
- They have been seen together on two separate occasions.
- On one occasion, she called me in the middle of the night.
- Only on rare occasions do I go out socially.
- occasion when… I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health.
- He used the occasion to announce further tax cuts.
- I have stated on numerous occasions what options are open.
- Harry has mentioned this on many previous occasions.
- a great/memorable/happy/momentous occasion(=event) // momentous : 중대한
- We expect you to dress for the occasion(=event).
- on the occasion of something He was presented with the watch on the occasion of his retirement.
- occasion for doing something It should have been an occasion for rejoicing, but she could not feel any real joy. (rejoicing : the happy celebration of something)
- These workshops provide an occasion for talking about art.
- occasion for something This is not a time for specifics, but an occasion for vision.
- Festivals were occasions for great celebration.
- I’ll speak to him about it if the occasion arises (= if I get a chance).
※ concern :
concern somebody/something : 관여하다, 관계하다
: to affect somebody/something; to involve somebody/something
- Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you.
- Please pay attention because this information concerns all of you.
- The letter is for both of us, but it mainly concerns you.
concern something (also be concerned with something)
- The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina.
- The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.
- My question concerns the way he handles the evidence.
- concern itself with something This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.
concern somebody : 관여시키다 (걱정시키다)
- What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.
- Fair use is one issue concerning most musicians.
- it concerns somebody that… It concerns me that you no longer seem to care.
- It really concerns me that he doesn't eat properly.
(주의) 주어 + 동사 + 목적어를 잘 봐야 한다. 내가 걱정하는게 아니고 뭔가가 나를 걱정시키는 것이다.
▶ 이상의 동사 편을 살펴보면 크게 3가지 형식으로 니뉘는데... 다행히도 위 형식들이 엄격하게 지켜지고 있기 때문에 concern 을 어떻게 해석해야 할지 고민할 여지는 없는 편이다.
※ involve :
involve : 안으로 말아 넣다 (포함하다, 참여시키다)
- involve something Any investment involves an element of risk.
- involve doing something The process involves using steam to sterilize the instruments. (살균하다)
- The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.
- involve somebody/something doing something The job involves me travelling all over the country.
- (formal) The job involves my travelling all over the country.
- There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.
- cases involving the care of young children
- involve somebody (in something/in doing something) We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations.
- involve yourself (in something) Parents should involve themselves in their child's education.
※ care, careful :
care : 신경쓰다.
to feel that something is important and worth worrying about
- I don't care (= I will not be upset) if I never see him again!
- He threatened to fire me, as if I cared!
- care about something // She cares deeply about environmental issues.
- I don't really care about how much it costs.
- care what, whether, etc… I don't care what he thinks.
- care that… She doesn't seem to care that he's been married four times before.
care (about somebody) : 신경쓰다
: to like or love somebody and worry about what happens to them
- He genuinely cares about his employees.
- They care an awful lot about each other.
- It is good to know that there is someone who cares.
care for somebody : 1.돌보다 2.좋아하다(=like) / like 의미로 더 많이 쓰임
- She moved back home to care for her elderly parents.
- I don’t really care for spicy food.
take care of somebody/something/yourself : 돌보다
- Who's taking care of the children while you're away?
- She takes great care of her clothes.
- He's old enough to take care of himself.
- You should take better care of yourself.
- Don't worry about the travel arrangements. They're all being taken care of.
- Celia takes care of the marketing side of things.
- medical care, patient care
- skin/hair care products
look after : 돌보다
- We’ve asked my mother to (take care of / look after) the kids while we’re away.
- You can borrow my camera if you promise to (take care of / look after) it.
※ genuine :
genuine : real, not artificial (진짜의, 인공이 아닌) // (gen =birth)
- Is the painting a genuine Picasso?
- The document is not considered genuine.
※ authentic :
authentic : real, not a copy (진짜의, 진품의) // (auth, auto = self)
- I don't know if the painting is authentic.
※ authenticate :
authenticate : 진짜임을 증명하다 // (auth, auto = self) 요즘 인터넷 하면 자주 보는 단어
- authenticate something The letter has been authenticated by handwriting experts.
- authenticate something as something Experts have authenticated the writing as that of Byron himself.
-
Experts authenticated the painting.
-
The signature has been authenticated.
-
authentication of the documents
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