064 : to … , for … and so that …

   A   

Study these examples:

• I phoned the restaurant to reserve a table.
• What do you need to make bread?
• We shouted to warn everybody of the danger.
• This letter is to confirm the decisions we made at our meeting last week.
• The president has a team of bodyguards to protect him.

In these examples to ... (to reserve ... / to make ... etc.) tells us the purpose of something: why somebody does something, has something, needs something etc. or why something exists.

 

 

   B   

We say 'a place to park', 'something to eat', 'work to do' etc.:

• It's difficult to find a place to park in the centre. (= a place where you can park)
• Would you like something to eat? (= something that you can eat)
• Do you have much work to do? (= work that you must do)
• I get lonely if there's nobody to talk to.
• I need something to open this bottle with.

Also money/time/chance/opportunity/energy/courage (etc.) to do something:

• They gave us money to buy food.
• Do you have much opportunity to practise your English?
• I need a few days to think about your proposal.

 

 

   C   

Compare for ... and to ... :

 

for + noun	to + verb
We stopped for petrol.	We stopped to get petrol.
I had to run for the bus.	I had to run to catch the bus.

You can say 'for somebody to do something':

• There weren't any chairs for us to sit on, so we sat on the floor.

 

 
You can use for -ing or to ... to talk about the general purpose of something, or what it is generally used for:

• I use this brush for washing the dishes. or ... to wash the dishes.

But we do not use for -ing to say why somebody does something:

• I went into the kitchen to wash the dishes. (not for washing)

 

You can use What ... for? to ask about purpose:

• What is this switch for?
• What did you do that for?

 

 

   D   

So that

 

We use so that (not to ... ) especially

 

when the purpose is negative (so that ... won't/wouldn't):

• I hurried so that I wouldn't be late. (= because I didn't want to be late)
• Eat something now so that you won't (or don't) get hungry later.

with can and could (so that ... can/could):

• She's learning English so that she can study in Canada.
• We moved to London so that we could see our friends more often.

You can leave out that. So you can say:

• I hurried so that I wouldn't be late. or I hurried so I wouldn't be late.

 

 

 

※ warn : 

 

• warn somebody // I tried to warn him, but he wouldn't listen.

• warn about/against somebody/something // Security experts warned about the problems months ago.
• warn somebody about/against somebody/something // He warned us against pickpockets.

 

• warn of something // Police have warned of possible delays.
• warn somebody of something // Officials warned the pilot of an anonymous threat.

 

• warn that… // Aid agencies have repeatedly warned that a humanitarian catastrophe is imminent.
• warn somebody that… // She was warned that if she did it again she would lose her job.
• warn somebody what, how, etc… // I had been warned what to expect.

 

• warn against/about (doing) something // The guidebook warns against walking alone at night.
• warn somebody against/about (doing) something // He hit the other child, despite being warned about the consequences of such behaviour.
• warn somebody to do something // He warned Billy to keep away from his daughter.

 

(참고)

humanitarian : (humanity : 인류, 인간성) + (-arian) 인도주의적인 

catastrophe (=disaster)